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2014/11/7 医学生
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erythrocyte
[?'r?θr?(?)sa?t]
n. [细胞] 红细胞；[细胞] 红血球
词根erythr/o- =red表示“红色的”
erythroderma 红皮病
erythropoietin 红细胞生成素
erythroid 红色的
词组erythrocyte count 红细胞计数
erythrocyte parameters红细胞参数
erythrocyte cast 红细胞管型
orthochromatic erythrocyte晚幼红细胞
例句Normal erythrocyte degeneration is an essential condition for normal perfusion of microcirculation and normal oxygen transportation.
红细胞流变性的正常是保持微循环正常灌注和氧气运输的必要条件。
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Question肖锋翻译和整理
Current evidence supports the use of high-dose insulin for the treatment of calcium channel blocker poisoning. What is the dose?
目前的证据支持在对钙通道阻滞剂中毒治疗中使用大剂量的胰岛素。它的剂量是什么？
AnswerHigh-doseinsulin (bolus of 1 unit/kg followed by an infusion of 0.5–2.0 units/kg/h) has been associated with improved hemodynamic parameters and lower mortality.
大剂量胰岛素(静注每公斤体重1个单位后以每公斤体重每小时0.5-2.0单位静脉滴注)与改善血液动力学参数和降低死亡率有关(Clin Toxicol, epub, 10/6/14)。
Increased risk of stroke in patients with chronic kidney disease after recurrent hypoglycemia.
低血糖增加慢性肾脏疾病患者的卒中风险
Tung-Min Yu ,Cheng-Li Lin ,Shih-Ni Chang ,Fung-Chang Sung ,Chia-Hung Kao
期刊名称：Neurology
发表时间：2014-07-16
索引：Neurology 2014 Jul;
中文摘要来源：MedSci
OBJECTIVE
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of hypoglycemia on cardiovascular outcomes in a sample of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
METHODS:
Information about study participants was extracted from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan for the years 1998 through 2008. We conducted this retrospective cohort study of patients with CKD, with and without hypoglycemia, to evaluate the risk of overall mortality and cardiovascular complications including stroke, coronary heart disease, and congestive heart failure in both groups.
RESULTS:
This study included 46,135 patients with CKD, of whom 2,117 (4.59%) were hospitalized and had hypoglycemia. Results of multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses indicated that stroke (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29-2.03), coronary heart disease (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.00-1.57), congestive heart failure (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.13-1.98), and death (HR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.99-3.21) were associated with hypoglycemia in patients with CKD. Recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia were associated with a higher risk of death (HR = 33.0, 95% CI = 22.3-48.8 for >2 episodes, p for trend <0.0001), and a similar trend was observed for other multiple cardiovascular events. We observed an increased risk of stroke and overall mortality in patients with hypoglycemia compared to those without hypoglycemia, regardless of whether the patient had diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS:
CKD was associated with a higher risk of stroke and mortality in patients with hypoglycemia. Recurrent hypoglycemia considerably increased the risk of stroke and overall mortality in patients with CKD regardless of whether they had diabetes. These results suggest that hypoglycemia has a crucial role in stroke and death in patients with CKD.
中文摘要:
既往研究显示慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)患者低血糖发生率增加，而低血糖与许多疾病心血管并发症风险增加相关，例如冠心病，充血性心力衰竭(CHF)，卒中以及死亡等。然而，CKD 患者中低血糖对于心血管并发症的影响尚不明确。
为此，来自台湾的 Chia-Hung Kao 等学者进行了一项研究，旨在明确低血糖对于慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)患者心血管预后的影响。研究发现复发性低血糖的 CKD 患者卒中和死亡风险明显增加，该研究发表于新一期的 Neurology 杂志中。
该研究受试者的信息来自于 1998 年 -2008 年台湾全民医疗保险数据库。研究者对伴或不伴低血糖的 CKD 的患者进行了该项回顾性队列研究，评估这两组 CKD 患者中总体死亡率以及包括卒中，冠心病以及充血性心力衰竭等疾病在内的心脑血管并发症。
该研究最终纳入了 46，135 例 CKD 患者，其中 2，117 例 (4.59%) 患者发生了低血糖，并住院治疗。多元 Cox 风险比例回归分析显示卒中，冠心病，充血性心衰和死亡均与 CKD 患者低血糖相关(风险比 HR 分别为 1.62，1.25，1.49，2.53)。
低血糖复发与死亡风险增加显著相关(HR 为 33.0)，而其他的多种心血管事件也有类似的趋势。与无低血糖患者相比，发生低血糖的 CKD 患者其卒中风险和总体死亡率增加，不管这些患者是否有糖尿病。
该研究的结论认为，在低血糖的患者中，CKD 与卒中风险和死亡率增加相关。复发性低血糖相当程度上增加卒中和总体死亡风险。这些研究结果表明低血糖在 CKD 患者卒中和死亡中发挥关键的作用。
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