Medical English | Day15
2014/11/19 医学生
depilatory
[d?'p?l?t(?)r?]
adj. 有脱毛作用的；用来脱毛的
n. 脱毛剂
词根de-表去掉，没有
decolour 使褪色，去色
defame 毁坏…的名誉
词组depilatory wax脱毛蜡
Depilatory Agents脱毛
Depilatory preparations脱毛制剂
Depilatory Device脱毛器
例句Therefore, degrees of dehairing can be expressed by contents of protein and glucose in depilatory liquors .
因而可以用脱毛溶液中的总蛋白及糖含量的多少表征脱毛的程度。
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Question肖锋翻译和整理
A patient presents within one hour of the onset of an acute stroke. A head CT shows a focal area of low density that involves > 1/3 of the middle-cerebral-artery territory. Why do most protocols recommend withholding thrombolysis in such a case?
一个病人在急性脑卒中发病一小时内就诊。头部CT显示累及>1/3大脑中动脉支配区的局灶性低密度。为什么大多数方案建议对这样病例不要溶栓？
AnswerMost treatment protocols recommend withholding thrombolytic therapy, because in some studies this finding (which suggests irreversible injury) has been predictive of subsequent hemorrhagictransformation of the infarct.
大多数治疗方案建议不要溶栓治疗，因为在一些研究中发现这样的改变(表明不可逆的损伤)已经可以预测梗死后会出现出血(NEJM, 6/2/11, pg.2138)。
Severe Complications in Influenza-like Illnesses.
流感样疾病的严重并发症
Rakesh D Mistry ,Jason B Fischer ,Priya A Prasad ,Susan E Coffin ,Elizabeth R Alpern
Pediatrics
2014-08-04
索引：Pediatrics 2014 Aug;
中文摘要来源：李宗儒翻译 董润审核
OBJECTIVE
Data on complications from upper respiratory infection are limited. We examined development of severe complications in children presenting to the emergency department (ED) for moderate to severe influenza-like illness (ILI).
METHODS
Prospective cohort study of children 0 to 19 years presenting to a tertiary care children's hospital ED during peak respiratory viral seasons from 2008 to 2010. Subjects included had moderate to severe ILI, defined by performance of venipuncture and nasopharyngeal multiplex polymerase chain reaction for respiratory viruses. Severe complications (respiratory failure, encephalopathy, seizures, pneumonia, bacteremia, death) were prospectively determined. Risk factors for severe complications were collected, including demographics, comorbidities, and household exposures.
RESULTS
There were 241 enrolled subjects with median age of 27.4 months (interquartile range 8.9-68.5); 59.3% were boys and 48.5% were black. High-risk conditions were present in 53.5%. Severe complications developed in 35.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 29.3-41.3), most frequently pneumonia (26.1%). The risk for severe complications was increased in subjects with neurologic or neuromuscular conditions (relative risk 4.0; 95% CI 1.9-8.2). No specific respiratory virus was associated with development of severe complications. Among patients with influenza, severe complications were greater with subtype H1N1 infection (relative risk 1.45, 95% CI 0.99-2.13, P = .048), and were at highest risk for pneumonia (relative risk 4.2, 95% CI 1.2-15.9).
CONCLUSION
In children presenting to the ED for moderate to severe ILI, those with neurologic and neuromuscular disease are at increased risk for severe complications. Development of severe complications did not differ by infecting virus; however, risk of severe complications was greater with subtype H1N1 compared with other influenza.
目的：
目前仍缺乏上呼吸道感染并发症的数据。我们在急诊研究了中到重度流感样疾病(influenza-like illness，ILI)患儿发生严重并发症的情况。
方法：
这项前瞻性队列研究纳入了2008年至2010年呼吸道病毒感染高峰期就诊于三级儿童医院急诊科的0-19岁患儿。研究对象包括中到重度的ILI患者，诊断方法是静脉血和鼻咽拭子的呼吸道病毒多重PCR。我们事先定义了严重并发症(呼吸衰竭、脑病、癫痫发作、肺炎、菌血症、死亡)。我们还收集了严重并发症的危险因素，包括人口学数据，合并症和家庭暴露。
结果：
我们共纳入了241位患儿，中位年龄27.4月(四分位范围8.9-68.5)，其中59.3%为男孩，48.5%为黑人。53.5%出现了高危状况，35.3%发生了严重并发症(95%可信区间29.3-41.3)，其中最常见的是肺炎(26.1%)。合并神经系统或神经肌肉疾病者发生严重并发症的风险增加(相对危险度4.0，95%可信区间1.9-8.2)。没有特定的呼吸道病毒与严重并发症相关。在流感患者中，感染H1N1亚型者发生严重并发症的风险更高(相对危险度1.45，95%可信区间0.99-2.13，P = 0.048)，其患肺炎的风险最高(相对危险度4.2，95%可信区间1.2-15.9)。
结论：
就诊于急诊科的中到重度ILI患儿中，合并神经系统疾病或神经肌肉疾病者发生严重并发症的风险增高。发生严重并发症的风险与病毒种类无关，但是感染H1N1亚型者发生严重并发症的风险高于其他流感病毒。
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