医学英语丨Division of the Skeleton（二）
2014/12/31 医学生

     上一期和大家介绍了颅骨和椎骨，先附图一张温习一下吧!

    

    

     今天我们接着运动系统的内容给大家来介绍一下胸骨以及上肢骨，basic knowledge 的所有内容都选自英文原版教材，这些英语描述本身并不是太难，希望大家边看边复习相关的专业词汇哦~

     Key Point

    

    

     Basic Knowledge

     Sternum

     The sternum is anelongated, flattened bony plate consisting ofthree separate bones: the upper manubrium[n.胸骨柄],the central body, and the lower xiphoid process[n.剑突].The xiphoid process is often cartilaginous.

     On the lateral sides ofthe sternum are costalnotches[n.肋切迹] where the costal cartilages attach.Ajugular notch[n.颈静脉切迹] is formed at the superior end of the manubrium,anda clavicular notch for articulation with the clavicle is presenton both sidesof the sternal notch.

     The manubrium articulateswith the costal cartilages[n.肋软骨] of the first and second ribs. Thebody of the sternumattaches to the costal cartilages of the second through the tenth ribs.

     The xiphoid process does not attach to ribs but is an attachment for abdominalmuscles. The costalcartilages of the eighth, ninth, and tenth ribs fuse to formthecostal margin[n.前缘] of the rib cage[n.胸腔].

     A costal angle is formed where the two costal margins come togetherat the xiphoid process. The sternal angle (angle of Louis) may be palpated as anelevationbetween the manubrium and body of the sternum at the level ofthesecond rib.

     The costal angle, costal margins, andsternal angle are importantsurface landmarks of the thorax andabdomen Ribs.

    

     Ribs

     Embedded in themuscles of the body wall are 12 pairs of ribs,each pair attached posteriorly toa thoracic vertebra.

     Anteriorly,the first seven pairs are anchored to thesternum by individualcostal cartilages; these ribs are calledtrue ribs[n.真肋]. The remainingfive pairs (ribs 8, 9, 10,11, and 12) are termed false ribs[n.假肋].

     Pectoral Girdle

     Two scapulae andtwo clavicles make up the pectoral(shoulder)girdle[n.肩带]. It is not a complete girdle, having only an anteriorattachment tothe axial skeleton, via the sternoclavicularjoint[n.胸锁关节] at the sternum.

     Lacking a posteriorattachmentto the axial skeleton, the pectoral girdle has awide range of movement. Because it is not weight-bearing, it is structurally more delicate than the pelvicgirdle.

     The primary function of the pectoral girdle is to provide attachmentareas forthe numerous muscles that move the shoulder and elbow joints[n.肘关节].

    

    

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