希腊考古学家今日宣布:亚里士多德之墓被找到了
2016/5/28 哲学园

    

     撰文 Alexia Vlachou / Mary Harris

     翻译/责编 黄雁翔

     导读

     亚里士多德是古希腊百科全书式的学者,亚历山大大帝的老师、柏拉图的学生,公元前384年出生于斯塔吉拉,公元前322年卒于埃维亚岛。今日,希腊考古学家宣称经过20年的挖掘,他们在希腊古城斯塔吉拉找到了亚里士多德之墓。是真是假?请看来自新华网和Greekreporter的两篇报道,附英文原文,翻译不当之处请读者海涵;亚里士多德小传见文末延伸阅读。

     ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

     希腊考古学家宣布:亚里士多德之墓被找到了

     新华网 / Alexia Vlachou

     希腊考古学家星期四(北京时间今日)宣布,他们有大量迹象表明,伟大的哲学家亚里士多德之墓已经在希腊北部的一座古城斯塔吉拉(Stageira)被找到了。

     亚里士多德是亚历山大大帝的老师,也是柏拉图的学生,他公元前384年出生于斯塔吉拉,公元前322年卒于埃维亚岛(Evia)。

    

     亚里士多德之墓所在的小岛

     据希腊的国家新闻机构AMNA报道,在距离雅典北部约300公里的古城斯塔吉拉进行了长达20年的挖掘后,考古学家科斯塔斯?西斯曼尼蒂斯(Kostas Sismanidis)在塞萨洛尼基(Thessaloniki)召开的一次学术会议上宣布在斯塔吉拉找到的墓是亚里士多德的,而且有大量迹象支持他的理论。

     虽然他也承认“没有确切证据”,但是他强调在这座古城的调查结果显示这座建筑就是这位伟大哲学家的墓。

    

     亚里士多德之墓复原图

     为纪念亚里士多德诞辰2400年,塞萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学(Aristotle University of Thessaloniki)以“亚里士多德2400年”为主题组织了一次世界大会,以促进对这位伟大哲学家的研究工作的国际化。

     这次会议从5月23日持续到5月28日(北京时间5月24日—5月29日),汇集了国际一流的研究亚里士多德的学者,他们也有机会参观斯塔吉拉,这是亚里士多德的出生的地方,也是他为亚历山大大帝讲课的地方。

    

     亚里士多德之墓

     这位著名的哲学家完成了多达200篇著作,其中只有31篇幸存下来了,这些著作包含了从生物学、物理学到戏剧、音乐,以及政治与伦理等生命和人类生存的方方面面。

     亚里士多德2400年历史的墓在斯塔吉拉被找到了

     Greekreporter / Mary Harris

     希腊考古学家声称他们在中马其顿大区的古城斯塔吉拉找到了亚里士多德之墓。在“亚里士多德2400年”世界大会上,他们认为这座2400岁的墓是他们20年考古挖掘中最重要的发现。

     亚里士多德之墓被找到的消息是由考古学家科斯塔斯?西斯曼尼蒂斯宣布的,据他称,从1996年至今的考古挖掘的结果可以得出这座墓是亚里士多德的。

    

     亚里士多德之墓的遗址

     亚里士多德于公元前384年出生于斯塔吉拉,公元前322年卒于卡尔西斯(Chalcis)的埃维亚岛。这位伟大的哲学家原本一直被认为埋葬在卡尔西斯,然而,考古学家现在确信他们找到的就是亚里士多德之墓。有两个文献资料表明,斯塔吉拉人已经将他的骨灰转移到了他的出生地。

     这个丘状圆顶墓具有可追溯至希腊化时期的大理石地板。它位于斯塔吉拉城中心,在阿格拉(Agora)附近,拥有360度的视角。单从这座墓独特的位置就可以轻易地看出墓主人是公众人物,同时考古学家也指出这座匆忙修建的墓穴在之后曾用优质材料装饰过。墓外有一座祭坛和一块方形的地板。

    

     亚里士多德之墓外形复原图

     墓圆顶的顶部直径大约10米,在一座拜占庭式的塔楼周围是一块方形地板。半圆形的墙有约2米高。有一条通向墓里面的路,是为那些向墓主人致敬的人修建的。其他的发现包括皇家陶器厂生产的陶瓷,以及可以追溯至亚历山大大帝时期的50个硬币。

     这座墓的结构是被拜占庭人摧毁的,他们在它上面建造一座方形塔楼。

     Xinhuanet—Strong indications ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle's tomb unearthed: archaeologists

     by Alexia Vlachou

     ATHENS, May 26 (Xinhua) -- Greek archaeologists announced on Thursday they had strong indications that the tomb of the great philosopher Aristotle has been unearthed in Stageira, an ancient city in northern Greece.

     Aristotle, who was tutor of Alexander the Great and Plato's pupil, was born in 384 BC at Stageira and died in Evia, the second largest island in Greece, in 322 BC.

     After a 20-year excavation has been carried out in ancient Stageira, about 300 km north of Athens, archeologist Kostas Sismanidis said during a forum held in Thessaloniki that there are very strong indications to support his theory that a tomb found in Stageira belonged to Aristotle, Greek national news agency AMNA reported.

     While "there was no proof" as Sismanidis acknowledged, he stressed that the findings in the ancient city indicate that the building was used as a tomb for the great philosopher.

     Celebrating 2,400 years since the birth of the ancient Greek philosopher, the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki organized a world conference under the title "Aristotle 2400 years" in order to promote internationally the work of the great philosopher.

     The congress, which runs from May 23 to 28, brings together leading Aristotle scholars at global scale, giving the opportunity to visit also Stageira, the birthplace of Aristotle and the place where he taught Alexander the Great.

     The famous philosopher wrote as many as 200 works, of which only 31 survived, on all aspects of life and human existence, from biology and physics to theatre and music, as well as politics and ethics.

     (http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-05/27/c_135391576.htm)

     Greekreporter—Aristotle’s 2,400-Year-Old Tomb Found at Stagira

     by Mary Harris

     Greek archaeologists at Ancient Stagira, Central Macedonia, say they have found Aristotle’s tomb. Addressing the Aristotle 2400 Years World Congress, they point to the 2,400-year-old tomb as the most important finding from the 20-year excavation.

     The discovery of the tomb of Aristotle was announced by archaeologist Kostas Sismanidis, according to whom the findings from the 1996 excavation lead to the conclusion that the tomb belongs to Aristotle.

     Aristotle was born in Stagira in 384 BC and died in Chalcis, Evia, at 322 BC. The great philosopher was originally believed to have been buried at Chalcis, however, archaeologists are now certain that the tomb they have found belongs to Aristotle. Two literary sources indicate that the people of Stagira may have transferred his ashes to his birthplace.

     The mounded domed tomb has a marble floor dated to the Hellenistic period. It is located in the center of Stagira, near the Agora, with 360-degree views. The public character of the tomb is evident by its location alone, however archaeologists also point to a hurried construction that was later topped with quality materials. There is an altar outside the tomb and a square-shaped floor.

     The top of the dome is at 10 meters and there is a square floor surrounding a Byzantine tower. A semi-circle wall stands at two-meters in height. A pathway leads to the tomb’s entrance for those that wished to pay their respects. Other findings included ceramics from the royal pottery workshops and fifty coins dated to the time of Alexander the Great.

     The tomb structure was destroyed by the Byzantines, who built a square tower on top of it.

     (http://greece.greekreporter.com/2016/05/26/aristotles-2400-year-old-tomb-found-at-stagira-photographs/)

     (本文来自“科学的历程”,转载请联系本公众号)

     见证丨亚里士多德—第一位百科全书式的学者

    

    

    http://www.duyihua.cn
返回 哲学园 返回首页 返回百拇医药